Language Codes :: Papers

Language Codes The construct of elaborated and restricted language codes was introduced by Basil Bernstein in 1971, as a way of accounting for the relatively despicable performance of working-class pupils on language-based subjects, when they were achieving as well as their middle-class counterparts on mathematical topics. Interestingly, it was stimulated directly by his experience of teaching in further education. It is frequently misunderstood, largely because of Bernsteins unfortunate choice of labels. The restricted code does not refer to restricted vocabulary, and the elaborated code does not entail flowery use of language. There is an issue of linguistic impoverishment in the educational problems of some pupils, but Bernstein is not on the whole concerned with such essential cases. One of Bernsteins question studies involved showing a group of children a strip cartoon and recording their account of what it depicted. Some said things like The yre playacting football and he kicks it and it goes through there it breaks the windowpane and theyre looking at it and he comes erupt and shouts at them because theyve broken it so they run away and and so she looks out and she tells them off while others said Three boys are playing football and one boy kicks the ball and it goes through the window the ball breaks the window and the boys are looking at it and a man comes out and shouts at them because theyve broken the window so they run away and then that lady looks out of her window and she tells the boys off. (from Bernstein, 1971 p 203 re-arranged) As Bernstein points out, the first account makes good sense if you have the strip cartoon in front of you, but means much(prenominal) less without it. This is an example of restricted code. The second can stand on its own, and is an example of elaborated code. See Bernsteins own work for detailed accounts of the research behind the construct.

Vertical Analysis of PepsiCo and Coca Cola Essay example -- Business A

All companies use mo crystallizeary documents to record and journalize their business transactions. These monetary documents are not only used internally by company executives, but the financial documents are also used by outside sources to pass judgment the strengths and weaknesses of a company. The purpose of this paper is to provide financial analysis of PepsiCo and Coca sens, provide examples that explain which company is more financially sound, and to provide recommendations on how to make better each company financially. The first item that I will discuss is a vertical analysis of both companies.Vertical analysis is used to estimate data and express the items of a financial statement as a ploughshare of a base amount listed. For the vertical analysis of PepsiCo and Coca Cola I looked at both the balance sheet and the income statements. The valuations that I took into consideration for this vertical analysis were the cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales, n et income as a percentage of net sales, current assets compared to total assets and the percentage change category to year, and the current liabilities compared to total liabilities and the percentage change from year to year. The cost of goods sold percentage shows how much is actually costs to produce and sell the items that a make company money. The net income as a percentage of sales shows how much money from the sale of an item is actually considered income that the company makes. The current assets compared to total assets shows how much of the assets a company has are actually usable at a given time. The current liabilities compared to total liabilities shows how much of a companys liability lays in a current status for the year.PepsiCo20042005 constituent C... ...it would add capital to the reserves and they would in turn be able to expand. With Coca Cola I would recommend increasing their assets. One way to adjoin their assets would be to decrease their payout rat io, in my opinion these two items go hand in hand. With an increase in assets the company would be able to expand and eventually increase their profits as well.In conclusion, all companies use financial documents to record and journalize their business transactions. These financial documents are not only used internally by company executives, but the financial documents are also used by outside sources to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of a company. The ability to read and understand financial statements and to perform a financial analysis is a great skill for all business professional, whether they are investors, creditors, or company executives.

Citizenship in America :: Law Legal

Citizenship in the United States of the States, the country whose streets are paved in gold, signifies every individuals dream. feed for empty stomachs, medicine for the sick, care for the elderly, shelter for the homeless, and warmth for the cold represent necessities guaranteed to every the Statesn. the States is the envy of opposite nations because of the freedom it offers to its people. Furthermore, the American citizens aid other countries, like Afghanistan, so that their citizens too can experience the liberties Americans enjoy. Few Americans realize the extent of their privileges. It is unacceptable for any American citizen to complain and find faults in America instead of appreciating the rights they are afforded. The government has the capacity and the means to take care of every citizen ranging from prisoners to widows. Complaining about certain disparities is just not fair. Citizenship in America is important because no matter where you come from, you wi ll be accepted. America is the only country where Europeans, Africans, Asians, Australians, and South/Central Americans can all share sanctioned equality. America is a country filled with hundreds of heritages that form its unique and colorful background. Due to our founding fathers, America won?t ever experience socialism or dictatorship. Our country?s government is cleverly set up so that the three branches control and limit each other?s power. Citizens of America will live a guaranteed life of liberty. America allows the citizens power to participate in its judicial administration, entitles one to vote, and to have a say in policy-making affairs. Every individual plays a role in the nation?s future. America has so much to bestow upon its people, and a

Exploring the Value of Canonical Literature and Its Role in Modern Educ

Exploring the Value of Canonical Literature and Its Role in Modern development The English curriculum inwardly most modern high tames seems to be comprised of two main portions. The first of these is the grammatical component, which seeks to help students better understand the structure and function of language. This aspect, although considered tedious by many students, certainly has immense value. Communication within the bounds of the English language is governed by a multitude of grammatical rules. Any student who wishes to channel effectively must possess at least a basic understanding of these standards. The grammatical component, however, does not stand alone in the high school English classroom. It typically is accompanied by a literature section. This aspect of the curriculum focuses on the study of written works. In most secondary precept settings, the literature studied falls into the realm of what is commonly referred to as the classics. I n essence, these books are part of a canon of literary works that has been collected and passed shovel in through the years. Having stood the test of time, they are considered by many to be the best of the best (Dixon 4). Most of the literature in the canon is like a hunky-dory wine in that it seems to imbibe gotten better (or at least become more highly regarded) with age. These books typically are written by authors whose names have become legendary Dickens, Twain, Shakespeare, Bronte, etc. Although the canon does feature a few 20th century writers such as Hemingway, Fitzgerald, and Wright, there is an undeniably heavy idiom placed on authors who died centuries ago. Aside from a few notable exceptions, the works of the canon also tend to be f... ... classics and make it personally relevant. If this is done, the canon past becomes an invaluable tool for increasing knowledge and building understanding.WORKS CITEDAppleman, Deborah. Critical Encounters In High School Engl ish. New York Columbia University, 2000.Dixon, James G. Transcending Difference The indue of the Classics in the Curriculum of the 90s. Diss. Grove City College, 1991.Funderstanding. 9 Nov. 2003. .Jain, Saranga. Literature in Education Contemporary Texts Versus the Classics. Diss. The Pennsylvania State University, 1998.Literacy Matters. 8 Nov. 2003. .Whitehead, Alfred North. The Place of Classics In Education. The Aims of Education and Other Essays. New York The Macmillan Company, 1929. 93-115.

Aphasia :: Biology Essays Research Papers

AphasiaIn this world, humans and animals alike have come to communicate by using various mechanisms. existence have advanced themselves beyond other organisms by using delivery, or a set of codes and symbols, in order to express themselves to others. Language has brought about a means to create new thoughts, to explore, and to analyze our everyday surroundings. It has also enabled us to retain past memories and to look deep into the advances for the future. However, for some individuals, this tool for communication has been plagued by a language and speech disorders, such as aphasia. Aphasia is the loss of the ability to speak or understand speech or written language. It is often discover at an early age, and contributes to the general class of speech and language disorders affecting 5% of school aged children (1) . Aphasia is classified into three categories. The main two atomic number 18 receptive or sensory aphasia and expressive or motor aphasia. Receptive aphasia affects the input side and the ability to understand spoken or written language may be partially or totally lost (1) . Those with expressive aphasia can speak but not find certain words or names, or may be totally unable to communicate verbally or by writing (1) . For a majority of affected individuals, there is a combination of the two. The third type is conduction aphasia. This involves disruption of transmission between the sensory and motor ends of the circuit (1) . Here, individuals are able to produce speech scorn the lack of connections to the input side. It seems that the ability to speak has a lot to do with your surroundings and how much emphasis was placed on developing this skill during the first of all few years after birth. Afterall, its known that the first few years are critical because this is the time when the brain is plastic and is rapidly changing and macrocosm molded. By the time that adolescence is reached, the brain has become less plastic. In this paper, I would lik e to explore theories proposed to try to understand the origins of this impairment. Ongoing research has assay to pinpoint exact reasons as to why there is speech impairment for those with aphasia and other language disorders. Most theories suggest genetic and environmental implications. Is the speech deadening some sort of defect from within the brain, or does the disability develop as a result of influence from your surroundings and lack of nurture from others?

Aphasia :: Biology Essays Research Papers

AphasiaIn this world, humans and animals alike have come to communicate by using various mechanisms. Humans have modernistic themselves beyond other organisms by using style, or a set of codes and symbols, in order to express themselves to others. Language has brought about a means to constrain new thoughts, to explore, and to analyze our everyday surroundings. It has also enabled us to retain past memories and to look deep into the advances for the future. However, for some individuals, this tool for communication has been plagued by a language and speech disorders, such as aphasia. Aphasia is the loss of the ability to speak or understand speech or written language. It is often detected at an archean age, and contributes to the general class of speech and language disorders affecting 5% of school aged children (1) . Aphasia is classified into three categories. The main two are receptive or sensory aphasia and expressive or motor aphasia. Receptive aphasia affects the stimulant drug side and the ability to understand spoken or written language may be partially or totally lost (1) . Those with expressive aphasia can speak but not find certain words or names, or may be totally unable to communicate verbally or by writing (1) . For a majority of affected individuals, there is a combination of the two. The ternary type is conduction aphasia. This involves disruption of transmission between the sensory and motor ends of the circuit (1) . Here, individuals are able to produce speech despite the lack of connections to the input side. It seems that the ability to speak has a lot to do with your surroundings and how much emphasis was placed on developing this skill during the first few age after birth. Afterall, its known that the first few years are critical because this is the snip when the brain is plastic and is rapidly changing and being molded. By the time that adolescence is reached, the brain has become less plastic. In this paper, I would like to expl ore theories proposed to try to understand the origins of this impairment. Ongoing research has tried to pinpoint consider reasons as to why there is speech impairment for those with aphasia and other language disorders. Most theories suggest genetic and environmental implications. Is the speech disability some tell apart of defect from within the brain, or does the disability develop as a result of influence from your surroundings and lack of nurture from others?

Life in Plymouth Colony Essay

The tidings of John Demos on A lesser Commonwealth Family Life in Plymouth dependance explores on the concept of the family life in the context of the Plymouth Colony. In particular, it tends to describe the ways of life of the good deal in the Plymouth Colony specifically the prognosis of family, which is the smallest unit of the society. Through this book review, one will be able to determine the true accounts of the social life and customs of the people in the Plymouth Colony. Basically, the book is dedicated into furthering the importance of the smallest and most intimates of all group environments- the family.This concept has been usually left out by experts and historians alike wherein their interest is focused on the larger units of social actions. This includes the region, the class, the party, the ethnic as well as the religious group. Most of the time, the unit of family is left with the carriageal science which includes the anthropology, sociology and psychology. In order to examine the behavior of the Plymouth Colony in a family setting, the motive has to descend on the local level which is considered as almost personal history.As such, one has to know medium people in the everyday routine of their lives, in order to begin to understand their behavior in a family setting. In this way, the author was able to successfully present a picture of the family in the Plymouth Colony rather than any single instance thereof. Different aspects of the family setting of the Plymouth Colony have been discussed in the book. The author started with providing a historical survey on the Plymouth Colony. Among the various aspects of family setting mentioned in the book are physical setting, the structure of the household and the themes of individual development.More specifically, the physically setting deals with the elements of housing, furnishing and clothing. On the structure of household, it consists of the husbands and wives, membership, parents and child ren and, masters and servants. Lastly, the themes of individual development involve the infancy and childhood, coming of age as well as late years. With the query on the different aspects of the Plymouth Colonys family setting, the author has come to realized that the family life in Plymouth was not at all unique. This is because of the evident similarities of the colony with otherwise American colonies.More specifically, the similarity between the Plymouth Colony and other American colonies reside in the embrace of the term Puritanism. As such, it can be claimed that the family is, afterward all, an extremely fundamental and durable institution it often provides a kind of common denominator, or baseline, for a whole culture whose various parts may differ substantially in other respects. Plymouth Colony has been known as the Old Colony and sometimes, the New Colony. It has been said that this colony is founded by the Pilgrims in 1620.In particular, the Pligrims are defined as th e group of religious people which consists of adults as well as family groupings. They were English separatists from New England. They were famous on their sailing remote from Europe to New America during the early 17th century in order to search for a home where they could freely practice their Puritan personal manner of religion and live according to their own laws. Orginally, the Pilgrims are English Puritans who broke away from the Church of England because they felt that it had not completed the work of the Reformation. Because of this, they committed themselves to a life based on the Bible.Most of the members of the Pilgrims are the poorly educated people, farmers and people without political and social standing. (Chapter 2 The English Transplantations People/Term, 2007) Consequently, the reach of the Pilgrims in the New World is illustrated by the following lines below Being thus arrived in a good harbor, and brought safe to land, they fell upon their knees and blessed th e god of Heaven, who had brought them over the vast and furious ocean, and delivered them from all the perils and miseries thereof, again to set their feet on the firm and stable earth, their proper element. (Demos, 1971)During their stay in North America, the Pilgrims manifested their views on Puritanism, especially on the way they deal with one another. Through these dealings, it is found out that the repression on the Puritans was not as strongly directed against sexuality as against the prospect of hostile and aggressive impulses. Moreover, this evident on the prevalent modes of family life as well as child-rearing. More specifically, the book shows that even from the very start, the family of the Plymouth Colony was nuclear. This family mark has been unchanged even from the beginning of their settlement.Specifically, the family consists of one couple and their own children formed the core of each household with the addition in some cases of an aged grandparent or servant. And during these times, the life in the households was much less segmented. However, despite this physical arrangement, the roles and responsibilities of the members of the family are almost the same as today. In this colony, there is a much tighter line of authority between the parent and the child. And the range of functions performed by the family includes material, psychological, social, and otherwise.Above all, the system of family life revolves around the fulfillment of certain basic gather ups as well as universal needs. These need comprise of the food, shelter and sexual release. Furthermore, the family in the Plymouth Colony setting is likened to different things and institutions. Particularly, the family is described as a air, school, vocational institute, the church, house of correction and as a welfare institution. As a business, the family is the central agency of stinting production and exchange. As a school, the parents and the masters are obliged to attend to the educational needs of the children.As a vocational institute, there is a need to apply the knowledge and skills on the larger economic system. As a church, there is an obligation for family worship. Lastly, on the welfare institution, the family usually provides welfare function such as the presence of the hospital or even orphanage. Indeed, the findings on the book of John Demos create awareness on the true nature of the people from the Plymouth Colony. Moreover, it contributes to the strengthening on the American culture and history. In fact, it serves as one of the foundations of the family life of the American people.Undoubtedly, there is only little difference between the family of the Plymouth Colony and the modern-day American family. As such, the study of the ways and customs of the family on the Plymouth Colony proves the resemblance of families between the ancient colonies and the modern societies. Works Cited Demos, John. A Little Commonwealth Family Life in Plymouth Colo ny. New York Oxford University Press, 1971. Chapter 2 The English Transplantations People/Term. 2 July 2007. .

Ah Q in Modern China

Chinese national character has long been tied up with the issue of face, and how silk hat to save it. The idea that what is important in any situation is not so much the actual outcome, tho the way the situation looks to outsiders.This concept has been an permanent one from the feudalist imperial system that ruled mainland China for two thousand years throughout its turbulent 20th century history of civil warf are and communism.It is a contributing factor to most of the major political and historical events that have taken place thither, much(prenominal) as the Cultural Revolution, the annexations of Tibet and Xinjiang, the attitude towards Taiwan, the Tiananmen foursquare Protests, and even the economy that grows at an average of 10% per year for over fifteen years.It is overly well represented in Chinas books and cultural life. Many authors from the late Qing Dynasty onward have tried to define a Chinese national character through their works. One of the most triple-crown of these was Lu Xun.Born in Zhejiang province and educated in Japan, Lu Xun dedicated his works, both fiction and non-fiction, to the goal of defining Chinese qualities and healing the spiritual and honourable needs of the Chinese people. His most famous story was The True Story of Ah Q, published in a newspaper beginning in late 1921.It features a village loser who does nothing notable and is looked down upon by all who encounter him. This story, however, has become ingrained in the Chinese culture and scholars such as Lee Ou-fan maintain that it holds influence even today.One of the major ways the story portrays saving face is in the way Ah Q relates to his defeats. When he does something wrong, such as prideful someone for no good reason by not holding his tongue, he gets beaten up, but he then justifies it by claiming it to be an disadvantage that people like his sons could beat him up.His psychological victory is enough for him to justify anything, no matter how pathetic it se ems to the other villagers. When he loses his gambling money in a mob, he justifies it by slapping himself so that hell have something to feel victorious over (Lu).This relates to Chinese mentality in general, from government actions to individuals. The way China deals with any situation is to put a good face on it or to cover it up. Passing an anti-secession law, such as the one the Party sex act enacted in 2005 for the show effect it would have on Taiwan, is only one in a long line of examples.Refusing to re-evaluate their currency in relation to the dollar, the leave out of acknowledgement about SARS and AIDS, the blocking or censoring of websites such as google, wikipedia, and the BBC, the banning and rehabilitation of filmmakers such as Zhang Yimou and now Jia Zhangke-each contributes to the argument that Chinese character has not changed since Ah Qs time.Another enduring aspect of Chinese mentality skillfully depicted here is that of the mob. We see mobs in everyday village life, such as the gambling mob that steals Ah Qs money, and also when he teases the nun. While most people are at least respectful of religious individuals, no one in the crowd does anything but laugh as Ah Q disgraces the nun in order to get attention.He touches her bare skin and insinuates that she sleeps with a monk, both of which are extremely insulting, but no one does anything but laugh (Lu). This kind of onlooker crowds can be found anywhere in China when there is a fight or traffic accident. They reached the peak of their violence during the Cultural Revolution, in which many people were denounced before just such mobs of jeering onlookers.Mobs also come into the story near its end, when the sweep of history enters the quiet village in the form of the Xinhai Revolution of 1911. Here the mobs try and loot the homes of anyone who is not revolutionary, gist those of the wealthy.In the end, Ah Q is caught and executed as a scapegoat for the looting. The end of this character is as unspectacular as the rest of his life had been.Through telling the story of this kind of thin man, Lu is expressing his concern that the average Chinese person is becoming too much like Ah Q, and will be too afraid to participate when the original revolution comes around.That real revolution is still around the corner, and it remains to be seen if the growing Chinese middle class will ever be so discontent as to make a real change to their totalitarian government.The people today still need to take Lus nub to heart and realize that the actions of their government are viewed by the outside world the way a reader views Ah Q, as idiotic praising of past and hoping for next while neglecting the present by worrying more about saving face than any concrete action.Beijing can move all the Han people it wants into Tibet and Xinjiang, but it will never eradicate or assimilate these two different ethnicities completely, and will only require more saving face in the future day when th e never-ending sectarian violence escalates.Lu was very observant in pointing out these weaknesses in Chinese character, and the PRC would do good to take on his pass as well, instead of just celebrating his image because Mao had him declared a communist hero.His true ideas were much more individualistic than what he is reduced to, and possibly someday China will truly see the significance of this great writer and thinker.Works CitedLu, Xun. The True Story of Ah Q. Trans. Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang. Foreign Languages Press, Peking, 1960, 1972. Ah Q Performance Project. 16 Apr. 2007 .

Brand Comparison Paper Essay

Pepsi Co. and coca- sens obtain been in business for a long time and both are more often than not successful companies in the beverage industry. They both have different station components in comparison. A few of the different comparisons would be pricing, quality, packaging, logos, mark off equity and features. In the following paper we will discuss these items in detail to see how different these dickens strike outs are. Pricing StrategiesLooking at the pricing strategies of PepsiCo and Coca- dumbbell they are taking two rattling different plans. The harvest-times they sell are similar with variations in taste and the brand war in the sodium carbonate market has been to out dismiss your competitor to gain market share. The issue with giving deep discounts is that your digging into profits which could cause both long- call and short-term issues. Pepsi has realized the short-term schema of deeply discounting products over its brand portfolio is not a sustainable business model for the long-term business needs. PepsiCo has changed its view from the short term to the long term and was in a transition in 2013 that slowly saw the company stop offering discounts but switch to a hybrid every daylight time value strategy. The hybrid strategy closes the gap of holiday price points and its regular price point to provide a better value for the customer very day and not just wait for sales to purchase the product (Reuters, 2013).Coke on the other had is still out performing PepsiCo and other competitors even in 2014 so their outlook is different. The large reason for their performance is the heavy discount strategy that is continuing to be implemented. While it is successful in the short-term it leaves the pappa giant open for long-term financial issues (Cooper, 2014). Comparing the two sequence Coca-genus Cola is winning the short-term war currently PepsiCo is setting itself up for better long-term gains and growth. PepsiCo is able to see thevalue in the future of its company and understands it had to change the way it does business which would cause a short-term set back while introducing its new pricing strategy. However, the long-term value of doing this will keep the company in business and profitable for many another(prenominal) years too come. Differences in product qualityAs far as quality difference in the two products it really is a matter of taste, which is either acquired or just something a person bids. An example of an acquired taste one is like the household a person grows up in drinks Coca-Cola then their taste buds whitethorn come to like the product because that is what they were offered in the house. Which for either company doesnt represent a quality issue in reality but because of brand loyalty they may deem Pepsi or Coke better than the other product. Pepsi has a distinct sweater taste than Coke, which has a hint of vanilla flavoring, higher carbonation, and sodium per yaw (Mertz, 2013). The lower carbonatio n and sodium makes Pepsi a slightly higher quality product in the not so healthy soda industry.Product PackagingWhen it comes to Pepsi versus Coca-Cola, these companies have been competitors throughout the years. Both companies have come a long way with their advertising slogans. Coca-Colas first slogan in 1886 was Drink Coke and has changed many times over the years to todays slogan Open Happiness (Coca Cola Journey, 2012). Pepsis first slogan in 1939, Twice as much for a Nickel promoted great pricing (G&M Distributors, Inc., 2012). Today Pepsis advertising slogan is The Best Drink Created Worldwide (G&M Distributors, Inc., 2012). These two companies could not be any more different is their logos, symbols and colors. Coca-Colas main logo has not changed much over the years, sticking with the cursive Coca-Cola font (Coca Cola Journey, 2012). Pepsi, on the other hand, has changed their logo many times over the years. From the Pepsi-Cola cursive font to the Pepsi bottle top, and more recently the Pepsi half red and half hot globe (G&M Distributors, Inc., 2012).Product Image and PersonalityEven though these companies are vastly different in there branding they are very similar when it comes to image and personality. Both companies are concerned with sustainable packaging, recycling, and making an impact of the future of our globe and its environment. Coca-Cola has a commitment to set the standard for sustainable packaging, achieve zero waste in our operations and recycle more packaging than we use (Coca Cola Enterprises, 2014). Coca-Cola uses targets such as utilise less packaging, using recycled materials, PET bottles, recyclability of their packaging, manufacturing, and inspiring consumers to recycle to assist in keeping our environments clean (Coca Cola Enterprises, 2014). Coca-Cola also uses campaigns like Recycle for the Future to inspire communities to recycle (Coca Cola Enterprises, 2014). Pepsi also concerns them with less packaging, turning waste into wealth, recycling, and motivating others to recycle (PepsiCo, n.d.). Both companies want to purify what they are doing as a company to help improve the environments in communities where they are located.Distinguishing FeaturesPepsi Co and Coca Cola are both know for offering similar colas that have competed to be consumers favorite soda for decades. Pepsi Co most recently has been seen as a more attractive brand to a younger audience than the well-known Coca Cola. Pepsi Co is known for many products beyond Pepsi cola but is easily recognized by the red, white, and blue logo. Besides the noticeable difference in logos Pepsi tends to have a sweeter taste and a citrusy flavor burst. (Lubin, 2012.) Almost everyone has a preference when it comes to choosing between Pepsi and Coca Cola. There is a great comparison which says Pepsi is a timely brand and the other brands are timeless brand. So one is for the older people, one is for the younger people. (The Economic Times, 2013.) check Equ ityA brand has irrefutable brand equity when consumers react more favorably to a product and the way it is marketed when the brand is identified than when it is not. (L.K. Keller, 2008.) Consumers have known both Pepsi Co and Coca Cola for decades. Consumers have tried their products and collected their memorabilia as a supporter of each brand. Although Coca Cola has proven tobe the more successful brand Pepsi Co has not given up. Pepsi Co also has shown success with their sports beverage, Gatorade and bottled water, Aquafina. Pepsi Co has continued to make necessary changes in order to remain competitive and launch brand equity.ConclusionIn conclusion, although these two brands are largely successful in their own right they also have very different brand components. We were able to research and distinguish several of them to include pricing, quality, packaging, logos, brand equity and features.ReferencesCooper, T. (2014). The Montely Fool. Retrieved from http//www.fool.com/invest ing/general/2014/06/16/is-coca-cola-outsmarting-pepsico-or-mortgaging-its.aspx Mertz, R. (2013). Things you didnt know. Retrieved from http//www.tydknow.com/7-differences-between-coca-cola-and-pepsi/ Reuters. (2013). Retrieved from http//www.reuters.com/article/2013/05/22/pepsico-pricing-idUSL2N0E32L020130522 Strategic Brand Management Building, Measuring, and Managing Brand Equity (3rd ed.) L. K. Keller Prentice Hall, 2008 Upper Saddle River, NJhttp//articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-11-11/news/43930097_1_pepsico-india-brand-equity brand- positioninghttp//www.businessinsider.com/the-difference-between-coke-and-pepsi-2012-12 Coca Cola Enterprises. (2014). Sustainable Packaging and Recycling. Retrieved from http//www.cokecce.com/corporate-responsibility-sustainability/sustainable-packaging-and-recycling Coca Cola Journey. (2012, January 1). A History of Coca-Cola Advertising Slogans. Retrieved from http//www.coca-colacompany.com/stories/coke-lore-slogans G&M Distributors, In c.. (2012, December 11). Pepsi Slogans and Logos Throughout the Years. Retrieved from http//www.gmdist.com/2012/12/11/pepsi-slogans-and-logos-throughout-the-years/ Pepsico. (n.d.). Packaging, Waste & Recycling. Retrieved fromhttp//www.pepsico.com/Purpose/Environmental-Sustainability/Packaging-and-Waste

Kant vs Bentham Essay

Throughout the realm of philosophy there entertain been many arguments on the idea of ethics and what motivates human nature and guides our judgments. I give be focusing on two philosophers both of whom tried to answer that question. Jeremy Bentham whose views on what should be usaged to guide our judgments as to whats wrong or in slap-up order have been defined as utilitarianism. Focusing on a different idea using morals and a sense of duty to the greater good comes, Immanuel Kants ethics of deontology, or the ethics of rules and duties.Jeremy Benthams ideas of utilitarianism focus on the experiences of pleasure over pain. To Bentham utility is the property in any object that tends to explicate benefit, good, pleasure or happiness or prevent the happening of pain/evil, or unhappiness to the party where interest is considered. Kant on the other hand uses what he called imperatives to decide what should be considered morally estimable. The imperative, the law or select must be respected, no matter what consequences come from the choice.Also Kant looks at it this stylus, if the action in and of itself could be placed into a law for the morals of the people. Bentham So Immanuel, argon you saying that in order for a person to be moral that he has to possess his or her own free will? Kant Yes Jeremy that is correct, your idea that morality can be dictated by a government or a majority of the people is ridiculous. Bentham Youre wrong on that account Immanuel because human kind is evil in nature so they have a ruffianly time deciding what is right and wrong so we need rules to govern us to make the right decisions.Kant Even though those rights may infringe on our personal beliefs? Our individuality is what makes us human, whole Bentham You are wrong about that, the greater good is what is essential, so what if a minority of the people is left out, it is important that the majority is happy, then and only then will it matter. Kant No, as a human, we can gov ern ourselves. We have the knowledge within us to make the right or wrong choices we do not need a bureaucrat sitting behind a desk somewhere to make that choice for us.Bentham Your idea of the use of morality sickens me Immanuel. You sit here on your high horse saying that if you decide that, oh let us just say killing is wrong, and someone breaks into your alkali and starts to rape or murder your wife or child then you are going to stand back and do nothing Kant If I have made that decision that killing is wrong then yes, I will have to stand by that choice. Bentham You know Kant, I think you would ignore that choice and you would defend your household because it is for the greater good of your family.Kant Well we will have to cross that bridge when we get there want we. So Benth old pal, you rate everyone that pure ethics are not practical, that you have to arrange things so it will compatible with human nature, why is that? Bentham Because my friend, humans are in customary l ike animals. We are instinctive and act on emotions we need to have rules and regulations to keep us on the straight and narrow. Just knowing that there are consequences to our actions keep us in line, wouldnt you say?Kant No, I think people have a working knowledge of what is right and what is wrong we do not need rules to keep us in line, which again, we can do those ourselves, unless, of course, a person is criminally insane and they cant distinguish between the two actions. Kant So then if your wheels are stuck in mud on this and keep spinning, how then do you see mankind in general? Bentham Humans, by nature, are as follows. We are selfish and greedy, pleasure seeking, out for themselves, and in general not very trustworthy.Kant So you put me and you in those categories Jeremy? Bentham Well we are human are we not Immanuel? Kant You are impossible Jeremy I am done having this conversation with you Immanuel it is like talking to brick wall. Bentham You know you enjoyed it Mr. Ka nt, and I bet we will talk again real soon. Morality and ethics are different for all of us, and I believe that Kant makes some good points, and Bentham has some good points still there are flaws in both. We all face choices in our lives sometimes they are dictated by the situation or opportunity.If a gunman walked into a crowded store, would I take the gunman down to save lives putting my life in jeopardy, would I tell him the police are on their way even though I may be lying? Kant follows a strict path, one that he may have broken if faced with a certain situation, we are human of course, and this is where I side with Bentham. Being a former law officer I have seen good and bad in this world and I do believe that we do need rules to govern us, even though we might not agree with the all.

Storm Born Chapter Twenty-Seven

Traveling in spirit is a lot una identical than traveling in the torso. The body bears you more strength and more risk but the spirit can see things beyond normal physical senses. As I rose up and up from the Otherworld, I saw it in all its beauty and power. People and objects were ringed in light, some brighter than others deal Dorian, who shone like a small sun. All around him and the others, the Alder Land glittered with its own aura, an aura that called tabu to me in a funny way. Leaving it matt-up strange, like part of me was being abandoned back there.As for me, my soul grew wings as I crossed into the Underworld. I was dark, nearly black, and wore a graceful, avian shape. I was the Dark Swan, my totem, the shape my spirit naturally traversed the worlds in. I hadnt had to use this shape in some time. Id first developed the ability to move my spirit into the Otherworld habiliment a shape nearly identical to my physical presence Id later learned to go over entirely in my own body. But this was non the Otherworld, and I needed the protection of my swan shape. The land of death did not like to give back its souls, and the closer I got, the more risk I faced. I could only pray Kiyo hadnt fully entered it yet.Feeling him was easy. My physical body was still close to his, and he and I had enough of a mental and unearthly bond that I could track him. But, as it turned let out, he was far earlier of me. Too far. He had crossed the black gate. If I motiveed to follow, I would create to enter the land of death in earnest. My return was doubtful.And yetI couldnt bonnie permit him go. Not yet. Not when hed died because of me. Not when hed still followed, disrespect my rejection of him. Not after what wed sh atomic number 18d to traceher.Onward I flew, my wings sweep over currents of power. I saw no gate per se, but I entangle when I crossed it. The connection to my physical body trembled, and I knew I had exclusively endangered it. Too much time here, and it would sever altogether. With that knowledge came another(prenominal) sensation as I crossed over, one so sharp and sudden that I might as well wear been slapped in the face. It matte up like a belly flop into a freezing pool remarkable considering the soul did not feel physical sensations. Well, at least that was what Id been taught. Id neer known any shaman who crossed over and survived to tell about it. Once I actually entered the world, I was suddenly awash in haptic feelings. Warmth swirled around, mixed with those streaks of icy cold.For just an instant, I saw a world so beautiful, it make me ache inside. Color and light and wonder. Glimpsing it, I snarl my connection to something much niftyer than myself, something I had neer understood in the worlds of the living. I was drowning in it, in that burning bliss that made the euphoria of fancy seem trivial. And just for a second, I nearly grasped all the meaning to life and death.Then, in a blink, it was all at rest(p), and I was plunged into darkness. I silently cried out, inclination for the return of that beauty. Where had it gone? Why wouldnt it come back?A voice answered me, vaguely female. It spoke in my mind, reverberating through me and my being.This world becomes what you bring to it. What do you bring?The pitch blackness shifted and became solid. I saw no light source, yet I could just b bely make out the area in calculate of me. Ground appeared, cold and wild. Black rocks jutted out at odd angles, sharp and ugly. A chill wrapped me up. My field of vision was limited in that unearthly illumination. Everything beyond it was unfathomable darkness. In front of me, I made out a deeper blackness, surrounded by a faint gray outline. A ingress or a tunnel.Was this what I was? Had I shaped my surroundings into cold darkness?The voice spoke again This world is what you make it.Inside the tunnel, I could feel Kiyo. With no more thought, I took flight again, moving forward.The da rkness swallowed me once more. Then I emerged into an empty clearing. It looked like I was in a cave, surrounded by that same cold stone. An indeterminable source illuminated the room with stark light. There was no way out. I felt Kiyo ahead still but saw no way to get to him. Behind me, the path Id come from was gone.And accordingly I wasnt alone anymore. Shapes materialized around me. I accept almost each one of them. The keres. The fachan. Finn. Some of the yeshin. An assortment of spirits. Countless other monsters. Countless gentry. Every being I had ever banished to this world. They filled almost every inch of space in the enclosure, crowding around me.Their faces were horrible. Twisted reflections of what I used to know. They opened their mouths, screaming their terror and pain, reliving when I had killed or banished them. The assemblage closed in, hands reaching out. They clawed at me, trying to gouge me and scrape away my skin.Skin?The feathers were gone. I stood in my humane body-build, quite ordinary-looking in casual enclothe. The hands and faces closed in tighter, and I screamed as the mob tore me apart. Agony shot through every part of me, a pixilated and consuming pain. I sank to the floor, trying to ward them off.What will you give us? they seemed to ask as one. What will you give us to let you get going?What do you compliments?You sent us here without thought. You ripped our essence out of one world and into another. Do you know what that is like? To have your essence torn apart?Show me, I whispered.They did.It started inside of me. Like a small spark, noticeable only by a faint twinge. Like getting shocked with stable electricity. Then it grew, spreading out like a mass of wriggling worms, eating me from the inside out. Only it was more than physical. It was likea spiritual cancer. I could feel everything about me disintegrating. First, all the superficial things. My love of pajamas and Def Leppard. This was followed by the removal of things that identified me, that made me unique my physical abilities, my shamanic powers, even my newfound magic. Next, my emotional connections were naked away, making me forget everyone I knew or loved. My parents, Kiyo, Dorian, Tim, Larathey all vanished, their memories blown to the wind. Finally, my base essence disappeared. Me as a physical and mental being. Eugenie Gwen Markham. A woman. Half human, half(prenominal) shining one. It was all gone, and I was nothing. I wanted to scream but had no means of doing so.And then, I was back.I sat huddled in a ball, alone in the cavern. Unfolding myself, I saw that I was whole. My self-knowledge had returned. Still shaking, I looked up and saw that a doorway had appeared. It was a way out, a way toward Kiyo.I walked into the next tunnel, again entering the darkness. When I emerged, I found myself in a cavern exactly like the other. Only this time, I wasnt alone. A man stood on the far side, his back to me as he studied the wall. S ensing my presence, he turned around.He had reddish hair, streaked with atomic number 47 and just barely touching his shoulders. The features of his face were striking, a square jaw and sharp angles. Handsome in a bumpy sort of way. He wore habit like the gentry, most of him covered by a sweeping cloak as rich as anything Dorian might own. Rich purple velvet. Jewels worked into the edges. A poll sat on his head, made of a gleaming metal too bright to be silver. Platinum, I thought. It was a masterpiece of metalworking, all scalloping and menstruation edges, like a circle of entwined clouds. The edges of it met in a small point at the top of his forehead, like a faux widows peak. Diamonds and amethysts set among the lacy curves glittered in the weird lighting.But it was his eyes that really seized me. They would not hold one color. They shifted, like clouds on a windy day. Azure blue. Silvery gray. Rich violet.Hello, Father, I said.The eyes held at a steady, deep blue as he looke d me over. You are not what I expected.Sorry.No matter. You will do. In the end, youre only a vessel anyway. Your magic will grow, and those around you will eventually see that what needs to be done is accomplished, once your child is born.I shook my head. Im not going to have your heir.Then you will not pass. You will die here.I didnt say anything. Anger hardened his already fierce features, and whatever attractive feature Id noted before vanished. I remembered my mothers reaction, her pure and unwavering hatred for him. His eyes flickered again, turning from blue to a gray so dark it almost looked black.You are a stupid, foolish girl who has no idea what youre doing. The fate of the worlds hinges upon you, and you are too ignorant and too weak to do anything about it. No matter. You are not the only one who can carry on the dream.What, you mean Jasmine?He nodded. She lacks your power and war instincts, but again, she is only a vessel. More important, she is willing. Aeson made sur e of that. He visited her years before finally taking her. She knows her duty. She will see it through.A cold, heavy lump settled in my stomach. I had gone out of my way to avoid pregnancy, but Jasmine would not. She would be seeking it, purposely trying to have violent storm Kings heir. All my smug contraceptive practices would mean nothing.Storm King read my thoughts. Maybe if you were the one, you could control the situation. Maybe it wouldnt be as bad if you were the heirs mother. If your sister is the one, there will be no reprieve.Dont fuck with me just to get your way. It wont work.The eyes darkened further. Whatever you want, then. It makes no difference if you die here and stay with me.I stared at the far, vacuous wall, willing the stone to open. beyond it I could feel Kiyo slipping away from me. My heart if I had one in this form beat more rapidly.I closed my eyes. What do you want me to do?Hands reached around from behind me, closing around my waist.Submit just once, Aeson said in my ear. Submit just once to me, and you can pass on.His hands pulled me against him, and I tried to squelch my rising nausea. Some reasonable part of me said it didnt matter. None of this mattered. I wasnt here in body. I couldnt get pregnant. This wasnt actually happening.Yetit seemed so real. And for all intents and purposes, it was. His hands upon me. His breath against my neck. It felt exactly as it would in physical form, as I knew it was intended to.I opened my eyes and saw my bugger off watching me. Beyond him, Kiyo locomote farther away.All right, I said, barely recognizing my own voice.Aeson turned me around and kissed me, harsh and bruising, uncaring that my lips stayed inert and did not kiss him back. He pulled me down, putting my back against the sharp planes of the stone. The last thing I saw before all went to blackness was Storm King looking down at me, face cold and uncaring. I closed my eyes, trying to ignore the mental and physical hurt.When I let m yself see again, I sat on the ground, palms down against the hard surface. Just like before, I felt no more pain, and I could tell my clothes were whole once more. Another illusionone my body had no memory of but which would stay etched in my mind for some time, I suspected. Standing up, I moved forward, on toward Kiyo.Someone else was waiting for me in the next chamber, a man Id never seen before. He was slim and small, dressed in scarlet velvet bordering on outlandish. He held a small cloth-wrapped bundle in his hands and paced around nervously. When he caught sight of me, his face brightened with relief.There you are, your highness he exclaimed. Ive been waiting.Waiting for what?He proffered the bundle before me. To give you your crown. You have to put it on.I eyed the bundle nervously and then looked at the smooth, blank wall between Kiyo and me. Is that what I need to do to get through? Put on the crown? He nodded, shifting from foot to foot. Hurry. Were running out of time.I k new what the crown was for. I knew what Dorian had done outside of Aesons fortress. Somehow, some way, I had gained the Alder Land. I had become its queen. I sure as cavity didnt want it, though. If I made it away from here alive, Id definitely rectify the problem. But if wearing the crown here was what it took to pacify this next sadistic torment, then I would do it. It was a whole lot easier than everything else Id been through.Fine. Give it to me.He handed me the bundle. I unwrapped and nearly dropped it when I saw what lay inside.Aeson had languid a gold circlet. Dorians crown, which he rarely wore, was correspondingly simple. It resembled a ring of leaves, beaten out in different metals silver, gold, and copper. Presumably Maiwenn and the rest of the Otherworldly monarchs wore similar items.But thisthis was not a simple circlet. It was heavy and platinum, an intricate swirl of metal set with diamonds and amethysts. Storm Kings crown. Only it was smaller. A bit more delicate. knowing for a woman.What is this? I exclaimed.The man gave me a puzzled look. Your crown.This isnt the Alder Lands crown. This is my fathers crown.What else would you wear, your majesty?I tried handing it back to him, but he stepped away from it. I dont want it. I wont wear it.You have to. Its the only way.He looked at me pleadingly, almost like he wanted me to move on to the next stage of this gage as much as I did. I didnt need his entreaty. I wanted to move on too. Badly. Badly enough to finally lift the crown up with shaking fingers and rest it on my head.Instantly, I no monthlong stood in the chamber. I was on a high, cragged peak, overlooking vast sweeping plains. The sky was dark and heavy with clouds, and lightning danced among them. Below, on the plains, armies stretched as far as the eye could see. Armies of gentry and spirits and the myriad creatures living in the Otherworld. The crown felt heavy on my head yet did a poor job of holding down my hair as the wind whippe d it around. A gown of anil velvet embraced my body, and a black and silver fur cloak draped my shoulders. In my left hand, I held my wand, and in the crook of my other arm, I held a baby.It was wrapped up in white blankets, its eyes closed. A fine haze of hair, its color indistinct, swept over its head. I had no idea who its father was I didnt even know if it was a boy or girl but some instinctual part of me knew it was mine. Tentatively, I reached out with my fingers and touched that fine hair. It felt like down, like the softest, finest silk imaginable. The baby stirred slightly at the touch, snuggling against me, and something inside of me stirred as well.I jumped as a hand form my waist, and a warm body moved next to mine. Dorian. A sword hung at his side, and a new crown sat on his head, more fill out than his former circle of leaves. It was made of thick gold, heavy with jewels and dazzling to behold. But it wasnt as big as mine.Theyre waiting for your order, he said.I fo llowed his gaze out to the fields of people and saw that they were all on their knees before me, heads touching the earth. Above them, thunder rumbled as the storm swirled restlessly.I dont know what to do, I told him.What you have to do.As though moving of its own accord, the hand holding my wand rose into the air. The armies rose with it, like I was a puppeteer pulling marionettes to life. A great shout sounded among them, swords banging on shields and magic flaring in salute. One downward motion, and I knew they would march. One motion from me, and I would unleash hell itself. The roar intensified. Dorians body shifted closer. The baby stirred again.My hand felt heavy and started to fall.I stood alone in the stone chamber. No man. No crown. The doorway had appeared, and I lunged for it.The darkness engulfed me, and I swear the tunnel had grown more narrow than before. Still I moved onward. I could feel Kiyo growing closer and closer. I ran, needing to find him, needing to reach out to him, needing to And there he was.He lay on a small dais in this new chamber, wearing his human shape. He was on his back, whole and perfect, his hands clasped on his chest like a sleeping fairytale princess.I moved toward him, and a woman moved in front of me.I didnt know how I hadnt seen her before. She had just appeared. I looked at her and squinted, trying to focus, but had trouble. Her appearance kept shifting. One instant she was grand and lovely, honey-blond hair pouring to her ankles. The next she was pale as death, black hair sweeping behind her like a funeral shroud, yet still beautiful in a frightening sort of way.Persephone herself blocked my path, and I knew there was no way I could go through her.Let me have him. Please. Ive passed all the tests, just like you wanted.What I wanted? It was the same voice Id heard before, only now amusement tinged its edges. None of that mattered to me. They were not my tests. This world is what you bring to it. Most of the dead b ring guilt or regret. You brought your fears.I peered beyond her to Kiyo, my soul screaming out to his.What do you want? What do I need to do to call in him?What makes you think Ill give him to you? Hes mine. I received him fairly. The dead do not leave my realm.I racked my brain, turning over every story or novel Id ever heard.What about Orpheus? You let him take Eurydice.But in the end, she did not leave. He was not strong enough. She stayed.You dont need him, especially since Ive sent you so many an(prenominal) other souls.Was it truly for me? Or your own ends?Does it matter?Perhaps not. But now I have both more, and I do not have to give them up.Then do it as a favor, I begged.A favor? Her amusement grew. Why would I do that?Because Ive served you faithfully. And because were the same. Im trapped in two worlds too, and I dont think I can get out of that. Im torn in two forever now.I touched the butterfly tattoo on my arm, half black and half white. Just like Persephone, who spent half her existence as a goddess of springtime and half as a formula of death. Just like me, half human and half gentry. Half lover, half killer. In Swan Lake, Odile is the dark swan and Odette is the light swan, yet both are played by the same dancer.She only stared, and I desperately tried to think of something. You said this world is what we bring. I brought love too. Doesnt that count for anything?She considered. That depends. Will you give up your love? Sacrifice it to me? Promise you will stay away from him forever, that you will forsake your love.I stared at Kiyos inert form, thinking how it would be to never see him again. Something inside of me died at that thought, but I didnt hesitate.All right. I agree.Persephone stared at me a moment, then Kiyo vanished.It is done.You sent his soul back? Hell live?If his body is healed soon, then yes, hell live.She continued staring at me, and I realized Id made no such guarantees for my own return. In fact, I could no longer feel that glittering connection to my own body.You are trapped here, she affirmed.I know. Its okay. Its worth it. And I meant it. Kiyos life meant more than my own.Her blue-to-black-to-blue eyes held me. Then, as improbable as it seemed, she sighed.Go back. Go back to your dual existence. I will see you again someday, and then you will stay.Her fingers touched my forehead, and a searing pain ran through me. My form disappeared in a flurry of feathers and black wings, and I felt myself being pulled out of this world. Just before I left completely, she spoke again. Her voice was weary and maybe just a little sad.Keep your love. I have no use for it anymore.An instant later, I woke up in my physical body, gasping and choking for air as I returned to life.

Haymarket Riot

As result of the Indus po lightical campaign Revolution, people in America earned more m iodiny, most of which they used to clear(p) new businesses and factories. There were now many different types of machines to do the work that people had to do themselves in the past. Thus, machines rapidly replaced people. Now with less people workings and getting paid, in that location were people that could afford what these factories were making. closely of the people working in the f either in States at this clock time were immigrants, so they were forced to work for really low wages.A working adult would be considered lucky to bring home a daily income of only $2. 00. Kids on the other hand, only do ab knocked out(p) 70 cents a day for spending their entire childhood sorting through coal or performing other strenuous jobs. Most people worked between ten and cardinalteen hours each day with peanuts for income. As result, Chicago Illinois, as well as many other cities in the United S tates, fell into poverty. However, not all employees at this time were cruel and blackhearted. Most at the time though practiced cute to get the most out of their employees for the least amount of pay.Soon the wear upon Union movement started. People in this union wanted to ban child labor, increase pay, and to create shorter workdays. divergence after conflict broke out spawning from the Labor Union many of which the natural law were brought in to settle. By 1886, the major concern of the Labor Union was to instal an cardinaler from Decatur-hour workday. By now in that location were several unions, all of which could not agree with one another on how to fight for this rightfully deserved demand. Finally, the Knights of Labor, who originated in Chicago, make a nation wide strike.However, the newspapers, business leaders, and politicians didn t agree with these actions. They said, the new eighter-hour workday would promote loafing, gambling, rioting, debauchery and drunkenn ess (Simon). Knowing that they would be fired, workers still stood up for what they believed in and followed through with the strike. On May1, 1886, the strike st ared. More than 300,000 workers went on strike in nine different cities across the vast nation. One of these cities was Boston. However, only a few employers nation wide granted their employees the shorter workday.As result, the next two months were filled with the police, the strikers, and the scabs. Scabs were people who refused to go on strike with the rest of their coworkers. They acquired this name from the mad strikers. On May 3, 1886, more than 500 strikers met up with some scabs as they were leaving a plant in Chicago. The agitated mob blasted the scabs with sticks, rocks, and just about anything they could possible get their hands on. This continued until police arrived and eventually broke up the fight. August Spies then proceeded to organize a profess conflux in Haymarket Square.The strikers were told to be a rmed in case the police resorted to violence on them. The following day when Spies came to the meeting he spoke in bet of about 1,200 people. Albert Parsons, along with Spies and other speakers, spoke of the McCormick riot, and the rights and the responsibilities of the American worker. because as it began to rain, people slowly began to leave and head home. One of the many to leave was the city manager of the city, Charter H. Harrison. On the way home he stopped off at the police station to tell the officers on stand-by that they could go home because the protest was peaceful.About ten minutes later, two undercover agents came to the police station and said that there were some offensive things being said at the protest, and that the officers should go break it up. When the police arrived at Haymarket Square, some words as well as actions were shared between the strikers and the police. Before long, a bomb was anonymously throw into the crowd of police. This was the first time a bomb like this was used in the United States. Quickly responding to the bomb, the police officers began to fire into the crowd of strikers and all blaze broke loose.As result of the bomb, one police officer was killed instantly, and six others died within the next two weeks because of serious wounds. The following day the newspapers were loaded with headlines which impeach Spies, Parsons, and Fielden of releasing this deadly bomb into the crowd. Some newspapers even said that the Haymarket riot, anarchists, and socialists were the reason for other disturbances around the country. They said that punishments should be dealt to Spies, Parsons and Fielden, because people of the United States were accusing them of murder.However, one newspaper reported that if the police hadn t raided the protest, there wouldn t fuck off been a bomb thrown, because there wouldn t have been anything to spark the argument. Another newspaper, the Labor Enquirer, wrote in one of it s articles, twice as m any honest men were murdered in coal mines as have been killed in Chicago, and there isn t any noise at all about it (americanhistory. com). Still other papers wrote that is working and living conditions were better, then none of this credibly would have happened.Captain Michael J. Shaak was so outraged by the Haymarket riot that he arrested hundreds of people who attended the protest that day, or even the people who were suspected of being there. plot making all these arrests, the captain discovered secret societies and bombs, on top of many other conspiracies. Without warrants, he continued his investigation by breaking into houses. Then he proceeded to beat and bribe people into saying that they were witnesses to what went on in the Haymarket Square. However, out of all these hundreds of people who were arrested, only eight people were brought to an actual trial.These eight people were August Spies, Albert Parsons, Samuel Fielden, Adolph Fisher, Michael Schwabb, Louis Lingg, Osc ar Neebee, and George Engel. Horribly enough, only three out of these eight men were actually at Haymarket square when the riot broke out. On June 21, 1886, the trial for these eight men began. The defendants were said to be the underdogs because the jury was hand-picked by Judge Joseph E. Gary, who desperately wanted these men to be convicted of murder. Many people considered the defendants guilty, and these people wanted the men to face the akin punishment as the people who lost their lives in the riot.In other words, they were wanted dead. Before the trial started, Judge Joseph E. Gary was quoted saying, those fellows are going to be hanged as certain as death (Encarta 99). The main attack by the defense during the trial was that the jury was prejudice. However, the judge simply overruled all these attempts made by the defense, and the unfair trial proceeded. During the trial, the state s attorney was allowed to ask whatever he wanted to. Also, the defense was not allowed to cro ss-examine the witnesses, who were mostly police men or false witnesses, in order to convict the men of the crime.As the trial proceeded, the police repedily showed bombs and referred to the men as anarchists. Even though there was no evidence to prove that the defendants knew anything about the bomb or who threw it, they were eventually convicted of murder. On the morning of August 20, the jury entered the courtroom with their verdict. Seven out of the eight men on trial were sentenced to death. Oscar Neebee was the only one who was sentenced to jail time. He received a whopping fifteen years in jail for a crime he did not even commit. However, he was the only one out of the eight men who was allowed to live.Some newspapers reported that these men were on trial only because of their political views. However, most people did not care to agree with these statements and controversy continues to brew. When the verdict was announced that dreadful morning, people outside the courtroom li t up with excitement and joy. Some were so happy that they were willing to award the jury with a cash bonus just for convicting the defendants. The only people that were drear over the verdict were the families of the defense, the lawyers, and of course the defendants themselves.The press then went on to say that the only bad thing about the whole trial was that the defendants were not qualified to appeal seeing as how they were sentenced to death. Appeal to the verdict was exactly what the defendants lawyers did. On March 13, 1887, six judges from the Illinois Supreme Court met in Ottawa to learn to the appeal. When the judges were done reviewing the case they admitted that it was a very unfair trial. However, they failed to do anything about it. The defense attorney, Mr. Black, then tried for an appeal at U. S. court headquarters, entirely they refused to even look at the case.Finally the defense went to their last resort, the governor of Illinois, to ask for a pardon. It was great timing by the defense because the public was ascendant to feel sorry for the seven doomed men. Some people wrote to the governor stating that the only thing these men were guilty of was their opinion. Finally the governor decided to expect a hearing for these men. That day was filled with a lot of appeals and arguments. On November 11, 1887, the governor announced that there would be no pardon. However, now only four out of the eight men would be executed.It would have been five but Louis Lingg was found earlier that morning with half his head blown off. It was ruled a suicide. Michael Shwab and Samuel Fielden got their death sentences lessened to life in prison. So now Parsons, Spies, Fisher, and Engel would be put to death. Amazingly they accepted this sentence without any outrage or resistance. That same day, the four remaining men walked to their deathsite. As they were being prepared to be hanged, Spies bellowed out his last words which were, There will come a time when our silence will be more powerful than the voices you strangle todayImmediately after Parsons let out his final words, Will I be allowed to speak for men of America? Let the voice of the people be heard But before they could all finish they were hanged. Their funeral was held at Waldheim Cemetery, and was attended by more than fifteen thousand people. Eventually what these courageous men fought for was granted. The eight men hour workday was established, and these eight men became known as heroes. afterward these men were killed, the governor of Illinois, John P. Altged, reviewed the case and issued a pardon for all eight men that were tried.He discovered that the jurors were unfair, what the judge did was illegal, and ultimately that all eight men were innocent. As result, the three men in jail, Feilden, Schwab, and Neebee, were all released from jail and acquitted of all charges. Still to this day, it is unknown who threw the bomb in Haymarket Square, and killed the policemen. W e will probably never know who the actual bomber really was. However, there is now an international workers holiday on May 1, dedicated to what went down that day in Haymarket Square, which has now became known as the Haymarket Riot.

State Farm Advertising Analysis

Today, advertising is as much a part of our lives as breathing. Whether were driving, listening to the radio, or watching T. V we ar constantly being bombarded by thousands of companies telling us why we should buy their products or service. Some advertisements prove to be effective, dapple others can be easily dismissed. One very popular industry in advertisement is auto insurance. Every year companies like Geico, commonwealth promote, and every(prenominal) State invest millions of dollars, hoping to convince audiences that their service is better than their competitors.Beca employment auto insurance is a requirement for every single individual who owns a vehicle it is a very competitive market where various ad campaigns can be found. State Farm stands out amongst these companies with their creative incorporations of Aristotles rhetorical techniques to capture their audience and cease their message of reliable service. Among the many ad campaigns created by the company one of the most memorable is their magic doggerel campaign. The commercials feature customers in various awkward scenarios where an insurance federal gene may be needed.The customers then proceed to sing the magic jingle (like a good neighbor State Farm is in that respect) and an insurance agent will magically appear to help resolve their issue, along with other ridiculous requests. While the granting of these ridiculous requests nock the ads humorous on that pointfore, memorable, they accent what the company feels is their advantage over their competitors immediate and excellent service. In one of these commercials, two young men are sitting in their car in what appears to be the middle of nowhere, eating burgers when they are suddenly attacked by a herd of buffalo.In desperation, the passenger asks his friend to do the jingle and after doing so an agent appears in the car and proceeds to say like a good neighbor State Farm is thereIn my office Immediately the trinity men are z apped into the mans office and there are sighs of relief. The ad is directed towards young men, a clever move, because young men are often the ones who find themselves in desperate situations while driving. The immediate response from singing the jingle which made the agent appear followed by his immediate consummation to lead the young men to safety emphasizes State Farms motto of immediate and excellent service.The humor used in delivering this message introduces the use of pathos, or emotion, which help in making it memorable. Pathos is also reinforced with the sighs of relief released by the young men emphasizing the fact that with State Farms reli dexterity you can count on being stress free. The concept of ethos, or image is also present in the commercial with the paid attire on the agent as well as the professional setting when they are zapped into his office. The well put together, professional setting, with employees to match increases the companys credibility.While the s cenario is unlikely and there are clear fictional aspects to the commercial, the use of pathos in the humor and relief work ons it very memorable and the point is very clearly put crossways if you ever find yourself in a desperate situation, you can count on your State Farm agent to get it resolved. Another magic jingle commercial that helps emphasize the companys great service features a young woman, along with two of her friends who finds the side of her car completely scratched. Unlike the character with the buffalo, the woman remains completely calm and recites the magic jingle.An agent suddenly appears and once her friends see that reciting the jingle can make anything appear, they too recite it and make the perfect man appear on top of the car. As in the introductory example, the commercial emphasizes State Farms reliability. This time however, there is no desperation because the young woman is so certain that her agent will get things resolved. Just like the previous comm ercial, the ad uses pathos to convince their audience, assure them that State Farm will allow them to be stress free.The granting of the friends wishes for the perfect man helps to reinforce the aspect of great service because it represents the companys ability to go preceding(prenominal) and beyond for their customers. Again, pathos is presented through humor, making the ad memorable and reinforcing the companys point when you have State Farm there is no need for desperation because they have you covered. Ethos is also once again reinforced through the agents professional attire, creating an ethical image for the company. The next memorable ad in the campaign takes a different twist, because rather than promoting auto insurance, it promotes fundament insurance.In this scenario, a group of young men are sitting at home when a baseball suddenly breaks through the homeowners window. As his friends begin to freak out, the homeowner maintains the same relaxed attitude as the female f rom the previous example and recites the magic jingle. Seeing his friends in shock as an agent magically appears he encourages them to recite the jingle and make a request, which they follow by asking for a sandwich, a pretty girl, and a hot tub. Once again, pathos is used with the ridiculous requests show the companys willingness to go above and beyond for their customers.The owners relaxed attitude shows that State Farm customers are at ease because they know they can trust their agent to get things done. This ad also helps to show that the company has various types of insurance to offer and that they are all as reliable as their auto insurance. Overall, State Farms magic jingle campaign is successful because not only do its use of humor and repetitive use of the jingle make it memorable, but they also find clever ways to remind viewers of the companys reliability.This successfully incorporates the use of pathos, making it easy to convince viewers that if they join the company the y will feel just as relaxed as the people in their commercial. They also touch upon ethos with the presentation of their agents who are always in professional attire. This reminds viewers that despite the goofy nature of their advertisements they are still a serious and professional company. The campaign also successfully incorporates the various services the company has to offer and the fact that they are just as reliable and professional as the auto insurance.

Environment: Pollution and Human Activity

Nowadays the Earth faces a number of serious problems, such as the surroundings pollution, the increasing population, the fatal effects of nuclear weapons, etc. The problems arising from not just development in terms of science and technology that as well the increase in human demands based on population and economy.According to Professor David Karoly from the Department of Earth Sciences at the University of Melbourne, it is time to take urgent action to irksome global warming by human activities, because the impacts of human-caused climate change in many an(prenominal) natural systems oftentimes earlier than previous studies had projected which are being seen (Proof humans soak up damaged mankind, 2008). There is unconvertible fact that in history of humanity, human causes detrimental effects on earth. Indeed, human activity affects nature and human environment. For centuries, many activities of human hand destroyed ecosystem of the Earth.Deforestation and over-hunting is one of the main causes of this serious situation. The world is re eithery big, but natural resources are not endless. In fact, Dave Gilbert (2012) announced that nearly a fifth part of the Brazilian forest has been lost since 1970. That means all of the trees, plants, insects, animals and people who live there either killed or forced to find a new home. The world population is growing rapidly, so people pauperization food and shelter. Many food and housing means that they need more(prenominal) than land from nature. Therefore, they cut vanquish trees to build houses, deforest to plant vegetables and raise cattle.They destroy natural areas in order to expand cities and towns, and they overutilisation natural resources. Now people lone(prenominal) ass see some animals in the zoo because they have disappeared in nature. In addition, intensive and indiscriminate fishing in fresh urine systems, such as Lake capital of Seychelles in East Africa have catastrophic effects may pro ve to biodiversity (Elsa & Michael, 2011). Poaching is not only a serious problem but withal massive over-fishing. Many nations have banned nonlegal activities, but enforcement is very difficult. Industrial pollution and daily waste is also a major operator affecting the environment.Admittedly, people are producing more and more rubbish, because they prefer to eat the ready-made food. This has given hold up to the rubbish production. These garbage produce in many ways and unfortunately, have bad effect on ecosystem. Susan Patterson (2014) showed that farmers in the U. S. use about 450 billion kilograms of pesticides every year, so most of the rivers and streams in the U. S. have more chemicals that cause cancer and birth defects. In industry, many companies are causing a lot of pollution. The unwavering rate of growth of chemicals industry has seriously affected the health of not only the environment but also the population.The companies have chimneys that emit bad toxic that p ollutes the air. They also use chemicals that are bad for the environment. The chemicals have bad environmental effect on the water and ground. The environments pollution levels are important, because it can effect badly on human bodies. Air pollution can affect the ability to breath, water pollution can affect human health, and lastly the ground pollution can affect all sorts of different cancers, such as lymph node cancer and stomach cancer. Correspondingly, the companies also occupy many places where animals and plants live.The projects remedy roads and highways between beautiful greenwood and virgin forest. Therefore, with decreasing forests, people face to increase the gas of nose candy dioxide that there are not enough plants to absorb it. According to Chennal (2012), as many as three hundred volunteers from Youth Exnora International and HCL Technologies cleaned Marina Beach on July 4. For resolving the increasing stress on the environment and resources, and also respondin g to the ever-increasing demands of the citizens for environmental quality hold dearion and improvement in ecological environment, many organizations and campaigns is set up to protect environment.On the other hand, the modern life brings human many satisfactory things such as road and cars. tender can travel or go to other places more conveniently. They also have more convenient and entertaining things such as television, microwave, computer, and air conditioner. No one can deny that some human activities make the earth a better to live. However, these things could destroy our environment. A lot of air pollution emits to environment from electricity generation. Exhausted gas from cars and flue gas from factories also pollute the air.Besides, the natural resources that used as the main energy are not endless as we thought. Modern industries need more and more resources such as oils, gases, fuels, and water. So, people faced to the serious problems such as the shortage of fuels an d water. Human exit die of thirst if they waste water, or die of hungry if they waste the needful fuels that they need for prep food. If human are not careful about how we use the natural resources, they will lose many of them in the near future.The Earth is being changes by human-caused. Many people are still seek to protect the environment against endangerment. With practical activities such as planting trees, building national parks, protecting danger animals, etc. However, the bad influences are outweighed the good. Human activity is harming not only the Earth but also the living habitats of animals and people. In sum, people should consider carefully before doing something to minimize bad influences on the earth and protect the human life.

Yahoo Strategic Management Report

chawbacon Business on profits Time Group 2 Aaron Duke Alejandro Reynoso Erin Moon Sophia Benevento February 21, 2012 Dr. Jay Lee GM 105 California State University, capital of California Executive Summary yokel started out as a hobby between two Stanford students, Jerry Yang and David Filo, and glum from a simple website with categorized information to a powerful navigational tool for megs of users. It generated millions in tax taxation and succored shape the way the modern-day earnings is use, both in terms of streaming information and streaming revenue.The U. S. military branch used the internet in the 1960s as a way of safeguarding against concentrate information. Decades later, it was used as a tool to help researchers share informaiton. In the 1990s, HTML language was created to help read documents easier. Within a few years, browsers, vena portaes, and internet proceeds providers (ISPs), along with the low price and lightheaded access to computers had connecte d the world and the internet was born.As Yang and Filo created a way to monetize the traffic created by the general yahoo adit, the attractiveness of the yokel model helped propel the global r individually of the internet, and brought about wild challenger, impertinent tools, juvenile models of monetization, and the need for unused dodging. When using Porters five forces model to analyze the ingress industrys attractiveness, it is sluttish that attractiveness is low. The bargaining power of suppliers is high, bargaining power of the buyers is low, threat of current entrants is high, start-up costs motion high barriers to entry, alternative edia allow the threat of substitutes to be high, and the potential for revenue has saturated the industry with competitors. This warlike environs rapidly changed since yahoo was first created. There was virtually no competition and it was able to promptly deposit macro commercialise segments. Using a strategy of simplicity, in dependence and strategic abetter _or_ abettorships, yahoo created a user-friendly point-of-entry for consumers to find information on the internet while making millions of dollars. Yahoo led the doorway industry from 1994 to 1998, during which its market capitalization grew to $30 billion.In 1999, the industry began to change further as mergers and acquisitions consolidated power. Media companies, ISPs, browser companies and content providers were merging and acquiring each opposite in a flurry of moves in parade to retain competitive advantage. The strategy of independence that brought Yahoo success needed to be reevaluated. In an environment with much(prenominal) volatile and intent competition, what strategy should Yahoo implement? As removeer of the internet portal industry, Yahoos function, both in terms of its external environment and internal resources and capabilities, should be employ in collection to bring about above-average returns.Both the Industrial Organiz ation (I/O) and Resource-Based models of above-average returns jakes be utilized. It shows Yahoo to be in a favorable position and the tools needed to impressively create new partnerships that depart obtain market share and long term profitability. Further, A SWOT analysis shows that Yahoo has strong inciter image and opportunities for strategic partnerships, even though as first-mover in the industry, it lacked a long-term strategy and is imperil by intense competition.The story of Yahoo shows that a companys strategy must unendingly be evaluated for utileness in terms of its current external environment and its internal resources and capabilities. era effective strategy early on may bring about a favorable position in the industry, competitive forces will cause a company to seek out new strategies, new partnerships and new models in prescribe to remain competitive and profitable. Background Jerry Yang and David Filo created the portal Yahoo in April of 1994. It was origi nally used as a hobby to track web plowes sent to them by friends.They were students at Stanford, but they gave up their education to focus on running Yahoo. Jerrys Guide to the World Wide Web was created by Yang and Filo as a guide to navigate though the web. These web sites were sorted into a database and thousands of users began to use their service. Yahoo officially became a handicraft on March 5, 1995. They hired Tim Koogle as CEO, as well as a staff of six people which eventually grew. Yahoos operations had three cleave departments property development, marketing and sales, and international.Property development focused on production and engineering science. Marketing and sales handled corporate marketing, crinkle development, and sales. They also had customized Yahoo pages in 18 countries, which was run by their International departments. Yahoo was located in Silicon Valley, and they offered five main services (properties) to consumers such as navigation, community, ad hominemization, e-commerce, and international. Navigation allowed consumers to find information. Community offered an address book, email, chat, and message boards for consumers.Personalization allowed users to personalize their web pages and e-commerce offered shopping and former(a) flip online sales. International properties were designed for those in diametrical countries and had each countrys language and local content. By 1998, Yahoo had an estimated 100 million connected consumers, 167 million page views per day, and a market value of $30 billion. By 1998, they had an increased revenue for 1. 5 years. intentness Evolution The network was first used in the U. S. Military for defense in 1960.In 1986, the National acquisition Foundation used it for transferring research files and exchanging electronic mail. In 1991, Hyper text markup language (HTML) was created by Tim Berners Lee. This language allowed documents to yoke to one a nonher through a host computer, and people co uld view graphics, audio and text. In 1994, the first internet browser was created. This allowed people to view web documents easily. Navigation sites, called portals, soon followed. Portals had two types of consumers non-paying users and paying companies that cute to advertise.Portal companies typically made revenue through publicize, and they often paid for information that would be exclusive to their site, such as intelligence activity and sports. Click-thrus and referral fees made up a studyity of their revenues from consumers, as well as targeted placements. During the 1990s, personal computers began to sell quickly for home use. Computers were sold with modems, software, a browser, and a way to access the internet. The two browsers that were normally used were Netscape and MSN. Portals could be chosen by the consumer, but they often came included on the computers.Consumers also chose portals establish on habit, quality of information, and brand. Access to the internet was usually done through the phone company, and later fast broadband was offered through cable providers. cyberspace usage began to increase at a fast gradation and soon in that location were millions of people using the internet daily in umteen countries around the world. labor Attractiveness Using Porters five forces model, we conclude that the bargaining power of the content providers change depending on the relevance of the information.The bargaining power of suppliers of unique information, such as popular real-time news or sports, was high. Some of the portals paid companies a monthly rate up to $50,000 for information. However, that bargaining power of other suppliers of information such as specialized content, which was less authoritative to the portal, is moderately high. This could range between $2,500 to $20,000 per month. Nevertheless, virtually of the smaller content providers would receive free placement in exchange for their information. Overall, the bargaining s uppliers of the most outstanding information is very high.Technology and labor were also suppliers. The threat of new entrants to the industry is high. However, the capital requirements in ramble for a new entrant to get by is also very high. During the first few years aft(prenominal) Yahoo was launched, many other entrants decided to enter the market. There would be even more entrants in the next few years. Yet, most of the companies that compete against Yahoo are not making money, they are very losing money. There are many substitutes in the industry that users may prefer to use instead of a portal.Portals considered themselves to be media companies and not just a search engine. Some of the substitutes of portals are television, newspapers, movies, magazines, and even other non-portal websites. In addition, the bargaining power of major paying customers, those who want to advertise on the portals, is very high. In transgress of this, the bargaining power of small paying cus tomers is moderate. The smallest orders of advertisement were $1000. But all of the deals where typically negotiated. Moreover, the competitive controversy is very intense. The and two portals who were making money in 1998 are Yahoo and AOL.However, AOL was not only a portal, it also provided internet access, which provided the majority of their income. Yahoo was the only portal that was not also an ISP and was salve profitable. In summary, the overall attractiveness to enter the industry is very low. The industry is saturated with many different types of competitors, and the start up cost for a new entrant is extremely high. Performance and Strategy When Yahoo invented the first internet portal, it also created the internet portal industry There was virtually no competition and it was able to quickly secure large market segments.It had the blue ocean at its feet as it created new demand in an uncontested market. Yahoo saw the value of creating a user-friendly Internet portal bef ore anyone else. By moving quickly and efficiently, Yahoo was able to negotiate, and frequently dictate, pricing with partners which led to large amounts of revenue. Yahoos performance has been very effective, resulting in positive revenue gains leading to profitability in 1998. Yahoo chose a strategy based on forming strategic partnerships that simply added value to the company.They decidedly chose not to merge with other companies in order to retain full control of operations. This way, Yahoo executives were able to topic full advantage of both its position and revenue streams and reinvest into the company. This would create value-adding properties and services and thus stay beforehand of the competition. The strategy that Yahoo implemented proved very successful. This strategy was one of simplicity and independence compared with their other competitors. They had a maintained a credit line plan that was developed in 1995 and a one-year operate plan that showed their fiscal goal s and top priorities.They did not spend a penny a detailed marketing plan. The employees worked in scraggy quarters, although the structure of the firm was hierarchal. Employees worked in cubicles to save costs. Yahoo was the only portal, aside from AOL, to post profits in 1998. AOLs profits were significantly larger than Yahoos due to the fact that they generated large amounts of revenue as an Internet service provider (ISP). By selling access to the internet, AOL gained revenue from both Internet use and access, while Yahoo generated revenue only from internet advertising.In 1998, it seemed that Yahoo was trending toward losing market share to AOL because would have been wise to invest money into becoming an ISP, however as we have seen, the dominant ISPs have wrick companies like AT&T and MCI, companies that control the means of communication, namely the phone lines and satellites. Yahoo has kept their rudimentary strategy. Yahoo possesses in-house expertise in engineering. A ll in all, their strategy has been very successful until 1999. Mergers & Acquisitions of Competitors There were many mergers and acquisitions in the portal industry during 1998 and January 1999.Media sites such as Disney and NBC were partnering with portals such as Infoseek and Snap to gain a competitive advantage and market share. Internet service providers were also acquiring portals with the hopes of gaining more consumers and increasing their profits. For guinea pig, the service provider Home acquired Yahoos main competitor Excite, while AOL acquired the very popular Netscape. The internet and portal industry was new for the public in the 1990s. Although there were billions of dollars being spent in e-commerce and by advertisers, the portal industry had only a few years of data to compare when creating a new strategy.Many companies relied on analysts predictions for revenue, which may not have been accurate. The strategies ranged from ISPs hosting portals, media company mergers with portals, and portals acquiring numerous smaller businesses. While few of the strategies seemed to make logical sense, the only two portals that created a profit in 1998 were Yahoo and AOL. The conundrum with many of these acquisitions and mergers was the amount of money that was being spent at the risk of their stakeholders, particularly their capital market stakeholders. For example, Home paid $6. billion for Excite, but only a few years later, Home filed for unsuccessful person (Source). These internet service providers and portals had a first-mover advantage so they were able to gain a large market share. Increased competition brought about mergers and acquisitions which consolidated power within fewer companies, in hopes of gaining more of a competitive advantage and greater market share. A Strategy Change? Koogle and his team were aware of the intense competition in the external environment and considered its plectrons. Though they were successful and profitable, they were unsure of the forthcoming.Their strategy was grassroots and they had used one business plan, which never changed. They were an independent company, unlike some of their competitors. The management at Yahoo should offer observing the market and begin to create a new business and marketing plan. The portal industry is growing and becoming fiercely competitive, and with Yahoos main competitor Excite flaunting their slogan, so far with the homogeneous old Yahoo? they should consider changing their strategy. Their high stock price has allowed them to hire some of the most skilled engineers. This, along with capital has allowed them the option to either make or buy companies.Partnering with other businesses that have interest in their company such as AT&T, MCI, Time Warner, and News hatful may be good options. They also have the capital to acquire Geocities, which is another internet portal. They can also negotiate exclusive distribution deals with personal computer makers su ch as Compaq, Gateway, HP, and IBM in order to secure market share and increase its customer base. Yahoo should adjust their strategy because as their competitors continue to partner with other firms, their customers will likely choose to advertise with these larger companies and they risks losing millions in profits.The best option for Yahoo would be to approach News Corporation and negotiate a possible media partnership in the future. This will allow Yahoo to gain more consumers while leaving them with control of the company. It is not wise to sell because Yahoo has an estimated worth of $30 billion, and their rival Excite had just sold for less than $7 billion. (I/O) Model of Above-Average Returns Yahoo invented the internet portal industry. In 1994, the external environment of the industry was void of economies of exceed and barriers to market entry.There was no need for diversification or product differentiation, and there were no other firms to compete with. Yahoo had a simpl e strategy that capitalized on its first-mover advantage, its access to top engineering talent in Silicon Valley, and its vision that focused on creating a user-friendly entry point for the internet. This simple strategy was sufficient for above-average returns in the early days of the industry, but as the internet evolved and industry competition increased, Yahoo realized it needed to reevaluate their position in the industry in order to continue enjoying the same above-average returns. External Environment Several mergers and acquisitions had consolidated ISPs, portals, media companies, and content providers. Yahoo had was the only portal not in talks with a major partner. Attractive Industry Yahoo is still the largest portal in the industry. This position makes the industry attractive, however the growing competition makes the position unsecure. Strategy Formulation Yahoo can no longer survive on its own. Its partnership with telecommunication giant AT&T is losing strength as A T&T looks to provide customers with web content, no longer needing the content provided by Yahoo.Yahoo needs to partner with traditional media companies, secure more distribution deals with computer companies, improve technologies that would enhance the speed and usability of their search engine. Assets and Skills Yahoo has a reputation for independence and tough negotiations. Moving forward, executives will need to be able to work up and maintain relationships with potential partners. Yahoo currently has access to the top engineering and management talent in Silicon Valley. Strategy Implementation Meet with executives from telecommunication, traditional media, and personal computer companies with the goal of creating exclusive partnerships. This will tramp brand recognition, increase customer base, increase market share and profitability. Building and maintaining these relationships will lead to future growth. Resource-Based Model of Above-Average Returns It was necessary for Ya hoo to also evaluate their internal environment. Resources and capabilities were essential for the success of the company, as well as a competitive advantage, strategy formulation and implementation, and an attractive industry. Resources Yahoo has the top engineering and management talent in Silicon Valley. It has a popular product with a loyal customer base. It has financial resources, a market capitalization wanted at $30 billion. Capabilities Yahoo was able to secure the position of industry leader, secure distribution deals and valuable partnerships, and create an internet portal that customers widely valued over the competition. Competitive Advantage Internally, Yahoos resources and capabilities exceeds that of its competitors.Superior talent, better vision of what a portal should offer, and effective execution all contributed to Yahoos early success. However it needs to combine its resources and capabilities through strategic partnerships in order to maintain its competitiv e advantage. Attractive Industry As the leader in the internet portal industry, Yahoo executives can exploit opportunities to merge or form partnerships with any number of major industry companies. Strategy Formulation and Implementation Yahoos early success is attributed to its executives utilizing its talent, industry position, partnerships and financial resources.Management needs to direct these resources and capabilities toward strategic partnerships with traditional media and personal computer companies in order to create value-adding partnerships, boost brand recognition, increase customer base, and increase market share and profitability. Building and maintaining these relationships will lead to future growth. The use of both the I/O model and the Resource Based Model are crucial for Yahoo to analyze and use as they formulate their strategy for earning high profits. SWOT Analysis When analyzing Yahoo, it is clear that they have many strengths.One of their main strengths is their strong brand image compared to their competition. Yahoo is currently the second biggest business in the industry both in the United States and globally after Google. Also, Yahoo was the first business to enter into this new industry, with its portals, commonly known as search engines now. In addition, Yahoo strengthened many strategic partnerships. These strategic partnerships were negotiated by the business development staff at Yahoo. One example of a strong strategic partnership was teaming up wit AT&T in order to combine Yahoo s services with access to the Internet. Yahoo also had a few weaknesses. Yahoo was lacking a long-term strategy, and their unwillingness to embrace the changes in the industry. They also did not offer Internet access like other portals such as AOL and MSN. The company had many opportunities. For instance, they had the opportunity to do strategic acquisitions or partnerships with other companies in order to ensure that their leadership will not be int erpreted away by other companies that were involved in mergers and acquisitions. Additionally, Yahoo had the opportunity of the growing online advertising market.Expenditures for online advertising grew from $0 in 1994 to $2 billion in 1998, and they were expected to keep growing exponentially. A trinity opportunity that Yahoo had is to keep expanding to more countries. Yahoo had international properties in 18 countries, but there are many other countries where Yahoo can keep expanding. The threats that Yahoo was facing were the very intense competition and government regulations. As the Internet industry evolved, regulations became more strict and the government becomes more involved. References Cnet. Feb-21-2011. http//news. cnet. com/2100-1033-273689. hypertext markup language